This document discusses the situation of thousands of Yugoslav men of military age who, during the recent crisis in Kosovo, refused to take part in conflict on the grounds of their deeply held religious, political or moral beliefs. These men were encouraged in their actions by representatives of NATO member states, who repeatedly urged them to disobey and resist the Yugoslav leadership. Amnesty International believes that the UK government and the governments of other NATO member states have a clear responsibility to ensure that conscientious objectors who fled the FRY are given effective and durable protection as refugees.