This report is the product of research missions to refugee camps in Kigoma and Kagera regions and Ulyankulu settlement of first wave refugees in Tanzania’s Tabora region in late 2004, as well as to officials in these regions and in Dar es Salaam. Amnesty International delegates also visited Bujumbura, Rural Bujumbura, Makamba, Bururi, Ngozi, Kirundo, Ruyigi and Gitega provinces in Burundi in early 2005. Amnesty International delegates interviewed refugees, returnees, government officials, staff of staff of the (UNHCR) and its implementing partners, Burundian, Tanzanian and international NGOs, journalists and human rights monitors, among others.