This document summarises Amnesty International’s findings during its two visits to Burundi in 2003 as well as sustained research both before and since. It particularly focuses on the administration of justice, unlawful killings, violence against women, the right to health and some of the consequences of the proliferation of small arms in the country. It takes into account some of the concerns and perspectives voiced by the victims of human rights abuse, human rights activists, international agencies and government authorities. It includes concerns resulting from the displacement of civilians in the country.